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Klonopin

An Introduction

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Klonopin (aka. Clonazepam) is marketed by Roche in the United States. Klonopin is a benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, and anxiolytic properties. Other names like Rivotril or Rivatril are known throughout the large majority of the rest of the world. Klonopin is generally considered to be among the long-acting benzodiazepines. Klonopin is a chlorinated derivative of nitrazepam and therefore a nitrobenzodiazepine.

Benzodiazepines such as clonazepam have a fast onset of action and high effectiveness rate and low toxicity in overdose but have drawbacks due to adverse reactions including paradoxical effects, drowsiness, cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairments can persist for at least 6 months after withdrawal of clonazepam; it is unclear whether full recovery of memory functions occurs. Other long-term effects of benzodiazepines include tolerance, a benzodiazepine dependence as well as a benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome occurs in a third of people treated with clonazepam for longer than 4 weeks.

Klonopin is classified as a high potency benzodiazepine and is sometimes used as a second line treatment of epilepsy. Klonopin like other benzodiazepines while being first line treatments for acute seizures are not first line for the long-term treatment of seizures due to the development of tolerance to the anticonvulsant effects. The benzodiazepine clorazepate may be preferred over clonazepam due to a slower onset of tolerance and availability in slow release formulation to counter fluctuations in blood levels. Klonopin is also used for the treatment of panic disorder. The pharmacological properties of clonazepam as with other benzodiazepines is the enhancement of the neurotransmitter GABA via modulation of the GABAA receptor.

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Source: Wikipedia.org
 

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